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{"sheet":"README","index":0,"n_rows":25,"n_cols":1,"rows_kept":25,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[3,1,11,1],[7,2,10,4]]}
["\"You've Got Kale!\" Farming Simulation Game"]
["Created by: Taylor Flemming, Lisa Wainger, Hemalatha Bhaskaran, and Judy O'Neil"]
["Version 1 - 12/11/20"]
[]
["Game Instructions: READ BEFORE PLAYING"]
["You are a vegetable (leafy greens) farmer of a 100 acre farm, in Dorchester County, on the Eastern Shore of Maryland."]
["Not far from your farm is a stream that has high algae growth and reduced fish diversity due to excess nutrient runoff that is primarily from farms, but also comes from residential areas and roads.\nThe community has agreed to return the stream to its previous recreational state as a neighborhood swimming area and fishing spot. The farm community can restore the stream by installing enough best management practices (BMPs) to achieve a cap on total nutrients entering the stream."]
["By implementing BMPs, nutrient runoff from your farm will decrease and you will earn Environmental Stewardship Points.\nIf you earn at least 80 points per year, you will be labeled as an \"Environmental Steward,\" and be able to sell your crops at a higher price per bushel."]
["BEWARE: Random weather events, such as drought, can reduce your crop yield below your expected level.\nYou can reduce the effect of drought by installing BMPs that increase soil carbon and soil health, as measured with Soil Health Points. The more points you have, the lower the impact of drought on your crop yields."]
["You can opt to receive government payments (cost share) to offset 50% of the cost of implementing the more expensive BMPs."]
[]
["Background Information: Your Farm Statistics"]
[]
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["*Thank you to the National Science Foundation (NSF) - Water Sustainability and Climate (WSC) Program for funding this outreach project (NSF CBET Award number #1360395)."]
[]
["For comments & questions, please contact:"]
["farmsim@umces.edu"]

{"sheet":"TeacherManual","index":1,"n_rows":8,"n_cols":1,"rows_kept":8,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["Teacher Manual: Helpful Information"]
["More Detailed information on the TeacherInfoPage file."]
["Provide the students with the corresponding worksheet to record their annual results (FarmingSimYearlyResultsWorksheet)."]
["The game can be played either individually, or in teams. There is a name section on the corresponding worksheet where students should write all the names of the participants."]
["Once all students have completed the game, sum up each team's Total Pounds of TN Reduced box."]
["The total pounds of Nitrogen reduced that will return the stream to its previous recreational state is 1,300 lbs accumulated by each worksheet. Reducing TN at this rate as a class will return the state of the stream to the neighborhood swimming area, and the most abundant fishing spot in the town."]
[]
["Game Developer Contact Information:\nTaylor Flemming & Lisa Wainger - farmsim@umces.edu"]

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["BMP Choice Instructions: READ BEFORE PLAYING",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"YOUR TOTALS"]
["In the table to the right, click the buttons or move the scroll bars to the desired BMP implementation amount (green fill-in boxes).",null,"BMP Name","BMP Description","Implement Your BMPs",null,null,"Maximum Environmental Stewardship Points","Maximum Soil Health Points","Pounds of TN Reduced (per acre per year)","Pounds of TP Reduced (per acre per year)","Maximum Pounds of TN Reduced (per farm per year)","Maximum Pounds of TP Reduced (per farm per year)","Planting Area Loss from BMP Implementation (acres)","Bushel Loss (bu per 100 acres)","Amount Implemented (acres or ft)","Annualized Cost ($ per acre of practice per year)","Pounds of TN Reduced (per farm per year)","Pounds of TP Reduced (per farm per year)",null,"BMP Cost ($)","BMP Environmental Stewardship Points","BMP Soil Health Points",null,"Maximum Potential Yield (bu per 100 acres)","Total Cost ($)","Pounds of TN Reduced","Total ES Points","Total SH Points",null,null,null,null,"Other Mechanics of Game"]
["You will gain Soil Health Points and Environmental Stewardship Points depending on the amount of BMP implementation, as measured in acres of BMP applied. The points are tallied next to the BMP cost.",null,"Cover Crop","The planting and growing of crops (non-harvested) with minimal disturbance of the surface soil. Cover crops reduce erosion and the leaching of nutrients to groundwater by maintaining a vegetative cover on cropland and holding nutrients within the root zone. (1)",null,null,null,10,100,3.76,0.01,{"$f":"3.76*100","v":376},{"$f":"0.01*100","v":1},{"$f":"ROUND(0,0)","v":0},0,76,50.42,{"$f":"ROUND(L3/100*P3,1)","v":285.8},{"$f":"ROUND(M3/100*P3,1)","v":0.8},null,{"$f":"P3*Q3","v":3831.92},{"$f":"P3/10","v":7.6},{"$f":"P3","v":76},null,{"$f":"ROUND((AG6*100)-SUM(O3:O10),0)","v":35418},{"$f":"SUM(U3:U10)","v":111633.7839963584},{"$f":"ROUND(SUM(R3:R10),0)","v":485},{"$f":"ROUND(SUM(V3:V10),0)","v":217},{"$f":"ROUND(SUM(W3:W10),0)","v":270},null,null,null,null,3,3,3]
["Pounds of TN (Nitrogen) & TP (Phosphorous) reduced per acre are displayed in the designated columns. BMP costs are calculated as a cost per acre enrolled.",null,"Conservation Tillage","Conservation tillage involves planting and growing crops with minimal disturbance of the surface soil. It involves some disturbance of the soil, but uses tillage equipment that leaves much of the vegetation cover or crop residue on the surface. (1)",null,null,null,10,70,0.48,0.06,{"$f":"0.48*100","v":48},{"$f":"0.06*100","v":6},{"$f":"ROUND(0,0)","v":0},0,91,23,{"$f":"ROUND(L4/100*P4,1)","v":43.7},{"$f":"ROUND(M4/100*P4,1)","v":5.5},null,{"$f":"P4*Q4","v":2093},{"$f":"P4/10","v":9.1},{"$f":"I4/100*P4","v":63.699999999999996},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Constants Used in Equations"]
["Some BMPs require converting crop area to natural land, such as grass buffers, forests buffers, and wetlands. These practices will reduce total yield and may reduce profits.",null,"Irrigation Management","The process of regulating the volume, frequency, and application rate of water in an agricultural area. This practice is used to decrease climatic variability and maximize crop yields by altering the distribution of water throughout a farm. (2)",null,null,null,10,60,0.43,0,{"$f":"0.43*100","v":43},{"$f":"0*100","v":0},{"$f":"ROUND(0,0)","v":0},0,100,960,{"$f":"ROUND(L5/100*P5,1)","v":43},{"$f":"ROUND(M5/100*P5,1)","v":0},null,{"$f":"P5*Q5","v":96000},{"$f":"P5/10","v":10},{"$f":"I5/100*P5","v":60},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Sq feet to acres conversion","Length of Farm Side","Bu per acre","Lbs per acre","Lbs per bu"]
["Use the green section to select how much of each BMP you would like to implement on your farm. The costs and points in the columns to the right of the green section are updated as you change these amounts.",null,"Forest Buffer","Agricultural riparian forest buffers are linear wooded areas along rivers, stream and shorelines. Forest buffers help filter nutrients, sediments and other pollutants from runoff as well as remove nutrients from groundwater. (1)\n",null,null,null,100,15,54.57,1.86,{"$f":"54.57","v":54.57},1.86,{"$f":"ROUND(AF6*P6*AE6, 0)","v":5},{"$f":"ROUND((AG6*100)-((100-N6)*AG6),0)","v":2083},{"$f":"IF(AH3=1, 10, IF(AH3=2, 30, IF(AH3=3, 100,0)))","v":100},353,{"$f":"ROUND(IF(P6=100,AG8*3,IF(P6=30,AG8*2,IF(P6=10,AG8*1,0))),1)","v":54.6},{"$f":"ROUND(IF(P6=100,AH8*3,IF(P6=30,AH8*2,IF(P6=10,AH8*1,0))),1)","v":1.9},null,{"$f":"P6*AF6*AE6*Q6","v":1691.2527084799999},{"$f":"ROUND(IF(P6=100, AF8*3, IF(P6=30, AF8*2, IF(P6=10,AF8, 0))),0)","v":100},{"$f":"IF(P6=100, I6, 0)","v":15},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2.29568E-5,2087,{"$f":"ROUND(AH6/AI6,3)","v":416.66699999999997},7500,18]
["Your totals will be displayed in the top right-hand corner of this excel sheet. When finished choosing BMPs, click the button directly under your totals reading \"I'm Finished Choosing BMPs.\"",null,"Grass Buffer/Vegetated Open Channels","Grass buffers are linear strips of grass or other non-woody vegetation maintained between the edge of fields and streams, rivers or tidal waters that help filter nutrients, sediment and other pollutant from runoff. (1)",null,null,null,50,15,25.19,1.24,{"$f":"25.19","v":25.19},1.24,{"$f":"ROUND(AF6*P7*AE6,0)","v":5},{"$f":"ROUND((AG6*100)-((100-N7)*AG6),0)","v":2083},{"$f":"IF(AI3=1, 10, IF(AI3=2, 30, IF(AI3=3, 100,0)))","v":100},210.57,{"$f":"ROUND(IF(P7=100,AG9*3,IF(P7=30,AG9*2,IF(P7=10,AG9*1,0))),1)","v":25.2},{"$f":"ROUND(IF(P7=100,AH9*3,IF(P7=30,AH9*2,IF(P7=10,AH9*1,0))),1)","v":1.2},null,{"$f":"P7*AF6*AE6*Q7","v":1008.8585915711999},{"$f":"ROUND(IF(P7=100, AF9*3, IF(P7=30, AF9*2, IF(P7=10,AF9, 0))),0)","v":50},{"$f":"IF(P7=100, I7, 0)","v":15},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Scaling Environmental Stewardship Points",null,"Scaling TN Reduced","Scaling TP Reduced"]
[null,null,"Nitrogen Management","Nutrient management implementation is a comprehensive plan that describes the optimum use of nutrients to minimize nutrient loss while maintaining yield. Nutrient management details the type, rate, timing, and placement of nutrients for each crop. (1)",null,null,null,10,10,0.21,0.06,{"$f":"0.21*100","v":21},{"$f":"0.06*100","v":6},{"$f":"ROUND(0,0)","v":0},0,100,7,{"$f":"ROUND(L8/100*P8,1)","v":21},{"$f":"ROUND(M8/100*P8,1)","v":6},null,{"$f":"P8*Q8","v":700},{"$f":"P8/10","v":10},{"$f":"P8/10","v":10},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Forest Buffers",{"$f":"(H6-0)/3","v":33.333333333333336},{"$f":"L6/3","v":18.190000000000001},{"$f":"M6/3","v":0.62}]
["BMP Description Source Information:\n1. https://mda.state.md.us/resource_conservation/WIPCountyDocs/bmpdef_co.pdf\n2. http://www.aces.edu/anr/irrigation/documents/tg449.pdf\n3. https://www.sare.org/Learning-Center/Books/Building-Soils-for-Better-Crops-3rd-Edition/Text-Version/Managing-Water-Irrigation-and-Drainage/Drainage",null,"Drainage Management","A constructed trench near cropland to allow water from irrigation or weather events to drain off of the land. By installing drainage ditches, or tile drains, water tables are lowered, and the soil quality is increased, allowing for the increased growth of crops. Proper drainage ditches can ensure that fields do not get flooded, and crops do not get water-logged. (3)",null,null,null,10,20,0,0.46,{"$f":"0*100","v":0},{"$f":"0.46*100","v":46},{"$f":"ROUND(0,0)","v":0},0,100,52,{"$f":"ROUND(L9/100*P9,1)","v":0},{"$f":"ROUND(M9/100*P9,1)","v":46},null,{"$f":"P9*Q9","v":5200},{"$f":"P9/10","v":10},{"$f":"I9/100*P9","v":20},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Grass Buffers",{"$f":"(H7-0)/3","v":16.666666666666668},{"$f":"L7/3","v":8.3966666666666665},{"$f":"M7/3","v":0.41333333333333333}]
[null,null,"Wetland at Drainage Outflow","Re-establish a wetland, with the goal of returning its natural/historic functions, in a floodplain, on your agricultural land to reduce runoff, improve soil quality, and reduce flooding to your fields and crops.",null,null,null,20,10,11.26,1.25,{"$f":"11.26","v":11.26},1.25,{"$f":"ROUND(AF6*P10*AE6,0)","v":5},{"$f":"ROUND((AG6*100)-((100-N10)*AG6),0)","v":2083},{"$f":"IF(AJ3=1, 10, IF(AJ3=2, 30, IF(AJ3=3, 100, 0)))","v":100},231.42,{"$f":"ROUND(IF(P10=100,AG10*3,IF(P10=30,AG10*2,IF(P10=10,AG10*1,0))),1)","v":11.3},{"$f":"ROUND(IF(P10=100,AH10*3,IF(P10=30,AH10*2,IF(P10=10,AH10*1,0))),1)","v":1.3},null,{"$f":"P10*AE6*AF6*Q10","v":1108.7526963072},{"$f":"ROUND(IF(P10=100, AF10*3, IF(P10=30, AF10*2, IF(P10=10,AF10, 0))),0)","v":20},{"$f":"IF(P10=100, I10, 0)","v":10},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Wetland Creation",{"$f":"(H10-0)/3","v":6.666666666666667},{"$f":"L10/3","v":3.7533333333333334},{"$f":"M10/3","v":0.41666666666666669}]

{"sheet":"WeatherRisk","index":3,"n_rows":18,"n_cols":15,"rows_kept":18,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[5,2,5,4]]}
["Weather Risk Instructions: READ BEFORE PLAYING",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Random Number Between (0,1)","Maximum Total Yield"]
["Weather events are risks that all farmers must consider when estimating their profits from a certain harvest.",null,null,null,null,"Yield After Weather Events (bu per 100 acres)",null,null,null,null,null,0.61,{"$f":"BMPChoice!Y3","v":35418}]
["In this tab, your farm yield is calculated based on your personal weather risk and the severity of weather events (droughts) that took place that year.",null,null,null,null,{"$f":"M2*(M18)*(1+M10)","v":22876.537259754266}]
["Crop yield losses are a function of your farm's soil health. By implementing BMPs on the previous tab, you will gain more Soil Health Points, lessening the impact of droughts on your crops, resulting in a larger yield profit for that year.",null,null,null,null,"Drought Severity\n(Scaled From 0-4, 4 = Most Severe)",null,null,null,null,null,"SHP Scale Old",0,"Rescaling SHP to be between (0,1)"]
["Keep in mind that weather is unpredictable, therefore, your risk is still randomized.",null,null,null,null,{"$f":"IF(AND(L2<0.25,L2>=0),1,(IF(AND(L2<0.5,L2>=0.25),2,(IF(AND(L2<0.75,L2>=0.5),3,(IF(AND(L2<1.1,L2>=0.75),4,0)))))))","v":3},null,null,null,null,null,"SHP Scale Old",300]
["By clicking on the \"Run the Random Weather Generator\" button to the right, your weather conditions will be set, and your yield will be calculated based on whether you have a drought, and the severity of it. Having a higher number of soil health points lowers the damage to your yield caused by droughts.",null,"CLICK HERE FIRST! ",null,null,"Maximum Potential Yield (after BMP choices)",null,null,null,null,null,"SHP Scale New",0]
["If you are ready to move on to the results page, click \"See My Results!\" If you are curious about how climate may affect your yield and your farm profits in the distant future, click the designated button.",null,null,null,null,{"$f":"BMPChoice!Y3","v":35418},null,null,null,null,null,"SHP Scale New",1]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Rescaled SHP (Normalized 0,1)",{"$f":"(BMPChoice!AC3-M4)/(M5-M4)","v":0.9},"Player SHP - Min SHP/Max SHP - Min SHP"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"SHP Factor (Y Equation Impementation)",{"$f":"0.3*(1-(EXP(-4*M9)))","v":0.29180288326581222},"0.3*(1-(EXP(-4*Rescaled SHP)","Exponential decay function (postive direction)"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Drought Severity #","Drought Factor"]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,0,0]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,1,{"$f":"1-0.2","v":0.8}]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,2,{"$f":"1-0.3","v":0.7}]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,3,{"$f":"1-0.5","v":0.5}]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,4,{"$f":"1-0.8","v":0.19999999999999996}]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Drought Factor Determination",{"$f":"IF(AND(F5=0),M13,(IF(AND(F5=1),M14,(IF(AND(F5=2),M15,IF(AND(F5=3),M16,IF(AND(F5=4),M17,0)))))))","v":0.5}]

{"sheet":"YieldExplanation","index":4,"n_rows":8,"n_cols":22,"rows_kept":8,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[[7,18,8,24],[3,0,3,2],[4,0,4,2],[0,0,0,2],[1,0,1,2],[2,0,2,2],[6,18,6,24]]}
["What Does This Mean for the Future?"]
["Global climate change, weather events, and natural disasters all influence human lives in different ways. Climate challenges faced by humans varies individually, however, the solution is a shared goal, to mitigate the problem and find an efficient solution that may require the adaptation of a practice."]
["Currently, farmers are adapting, and making their practices more efficient to combat climate events (see Figure 1), but these changes are not enough to keep up with the rate of climate change effects."]
["In order to alleviate climate change outcomes in 2050, action needs to be taken earlier, in 2030, to adapt to the future changing weather patterns. Crops that are heat-tolerant should be planted, irrigation for crops should be reduced and optimized by using BMPs to prepare for future water shortages, and nutrient erosion should be managed (see Figure 2). Adaptation to the practices farmers do now is necessary to provide a stable food supply to the population, keep yield constant, and to give farmers fair income in the future."]
["These adaptations seen in Figure 2 will lead to innovations in the farming and food community to combat the negative outcomes of climate change. These innovations may include changing diets completely, new procedures to manage waste, farming in different areas around the globe, and restoring areas to green space (see Figure 3).",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Figure 1",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Figure 2",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Figure 3"]
[]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Source Information: Vermeulen SJ. 2014. Climate change, food security and small-scale producers. CCAFS Info Brief. CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). Copenhagen, Denmark. Available online at: www.ccafs.cgiar.org."]
[null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Article Website: https://ccafs.cgiar.org/blog/climate-change-and-farming-what-you-need-know-about-ipcc-report#.W3xJwOhKiUm"]

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["Annual Results Instructions: READ BEFORE PLAYING",null,"Annual Results",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Essential Farm Metrics"]
["The table to the right presents your annual results.",null,"Farm Yield (bushels)",{"$f":"WeatherRisk!F3","v":22876.537259754266},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"BMP Costs Before Subsidies","Subsidies Button","Farm Size","Per Acre Costs","Inflation  (2008 to 2019)","https://www.usinflationcalculator.com/"]
["Select yes or no in the green filled section to either opt in or out of government subsidies. Government subsidies (or payments) can help alleviate the costs of the BMPs you adopted. By opting in, 50% of the costs of BMPs will be covered by the government, and will reduce your total costs row, allowing you to have a larger annual profit.",null,"Opt In Government Subsidies?*",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,{"$f":"BMPChoice!Z3","v":111633.7839963584},1,100,1900,2271]
["To see your environmental stewardship results, scroll down to the associated header. If you earn 80 or more Environmental Stewardship Points over one year of playing the game, you are able to charge a \"price premium\" per bushel for your kale grown. Look to the \"Price per bu of Kale\" row to see if your price changed from $12/bu to $14/bu, and the \"Did You Qualify for the Price Premium?\" dialog box.",null,"*You can opt-in to receive government payments (subsidies) for adopting BMPs and have 50% of BMP costs covered.",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Exempt Taxes for Farmers","https://taxes.marylandtaxes.gov/Business_Taxes/Business_Tax_Types/Sales_and_Use_Tax/Filing_Information/Tax_Exemptions/Agricultural_Exemptions/"]
["Along with your BMP costs, your farm will have normal maintenance, labor, and land costs annually, all captured in the \"Farming Costs (other than BMPs)\" row.",null,"Final BMP Costs",{"$f":"IF(T3=1,S3/2,IF(T3=2,S3,0))","v":55816.891998179199},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Tax Information (Dorchester County)"]
["Like any USA citizen, you must pay both state and federal taxes on your land & income.",null,"Farm Planting Costs (other than BMPs)",{"$f":"(U3*V3)+W3","v":192271},null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Property Taxes - Assessment Value (per acre)",500]
["Your \"Annual Profit\" amount is the amount of money that you would earn for that year of farming kale. If your annual profit has parentheses, your profit for that year is negative. Record the number as a negative on your worksheet.",null,"Income Taxes","Exempt",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Income Taxes - %",2.6200000000000001E-2]
["Transfer the values in orange to your worksheet.",null,"Property Taxes",{"$f":"U3*U6","v":50000}]
[null,null,"Price per bu of Kale",{"$f":"IF(D17>80, 14,12)","v":14}]
[null,null,"Pounds of TN Reduced (per year)",{"$f":"BMPChoice!AA3","v":485}]
[null,null,"Gross Profits",{"$f":"(D2*D9)","v":320271.52163655974}]
[null,null,"Total Costs",{"$f":"D5+D6","v":248087.8919981792}]
[null,null,"Pre-Tax Income",{"$f":"D11-D12","v":72183.629638380546}]
[null,null,"Annual Profit",{"$f":"D13-D8","v":22183.629638380546}]
[]
[null,null,"Environmental Stewardship"]
[null,null,"Total Environmental Stewardship Points\n(80 required)",{"$f":"BMPChoice!AB3","v":217}]
[]
[null,null,"Did You Qualify for the Price Premium?",{"$f":"IF(D17>80, \"Yes!\", \"No, try again.\")","v":"Yes!"}]